proven.lol

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=R9616isAAAAJ&hl=en

HASH 787c5dc7d78446b614f67e2b5aa6a56f

This item was proven by @sparkcatalyst on 2023-12-12T20:42:14+00:00. (View all of @sparkcatalyst’s proofs.)

Evidence

This is a copy of the web page retrieved on 2023-12-12T20:42:14+00:00. Show the proof snippet.

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id="gs_md_err" style="display:none">The system can't perform the operation now. Try again later.</div><div id="gs_md_s"></div><div data-h="0" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds"><div id="gsc_md_hist" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_hist-t" data-wfc="gsc_md_hist-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_hist-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_hist" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_hist-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Citations per year</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_hist-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><style>#gsc_md_hist{width:80%;max-width:386px;}#gsc_md_hist_c{position:relative;width:100%;}</style><div id="gsc_md_hist_c"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="600" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cbyd" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cbyd-t" data-cid="gsc_md_cbyd_l" data-wfc="gsc_md_cbyd-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cbyd-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cbyd" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cbyd-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Duplicate citations</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cbyd-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><form id="gsc_md_cbyd_f" action="/citations?hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="s" value=""><div class="gs_md_lbl">The following articles are merged in Scholar. Their <a id="gsc_md_cbyd_c" href="javascript:void(0)">combined citations</a> are counted only for the first article.</div><div id="gsc_md_cbyd_l"></div></form></div></div></div><div data-h="600" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cbym" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cbym-t" data-cid="gsc_md_cbym_l" data-wfc="gsc_md_cbym-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cbym-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cbym" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cbym-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Merged citations</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cbym-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><div class="gs_md_lbl">This "Cited by" count includes citations to the following articles in Scholar. The ones marked <span id="gsc_md_cbym_s">*</span> may be different from the article in the profile.</div><div id="gsc_md_cbym_l" data-act="/citations?hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="900" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_cod" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi gsc_cod_lc" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_cod-t" data-cid="gsc_cods_res" data-wfc="gsc_md_cod-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_cod-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_cod" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_cod-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t"><span id="gsc_cod_t"><span id="gsc_cod_tadd">Add co-authors</span><span id="gsc_cod_tedit">Co-authors</span><a id="gsc_cod_trev" href="javascript:void(0)" data-txt="Review" data-lim="Limit reached"></a></span></h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"><button type="button" id="gsc_cod_done" aria-label="Add co-authors" disabled="" class="gs_btnDNW gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></div></div><div id="gsc_md_cod-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><div id="gsc_cods_urls" class="gsc_cods_hide" data-ls="" data-lc="/citations?view_op=list_colleagues&amp;hl=en&amp;json=&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ" data-sa=""></div><form id="gsc_cods_save" action="" method="POST"><input type="hidden" name="colleague_add"><input type="hidden" name="colleague_del"></form><div id="gsc_cods_res"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="800" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gs_md_cita-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gs_md_cita-d-t" data-cid="gs_md_cita-l" data-wfc="gs_md_cita-d-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_md_cita-d-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gs_md_cita-d" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gs_md_cita-d-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t"></h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"><button type="button" id="gs_md_cita-b-save" aria-label="Save" class="gs_btnDNW gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></div></div><div id="gs_md_cita-d-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><style>#gs_md_cita-d{width:90%;max-width:1000px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_md_cita-d{width:100%;max-width:none;}#gs_md_cita-d .gs_md_prg{min-height:600px;}</style><div id="gs_md_cita-l" aria-live="assertive"></div></div></div></div><div data-h="0" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gsc_md_fol" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gsc_md_fol-t" data-wfc="gsc_md_fol-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_md_fol-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gsc_md_fol" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gsc_md_fol-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Follow</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"></div></div><div id="gsc_md_fol-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><form method="post" id="gsc_fol_f" action="/citations?hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works"><input type="hidden" name="xsrf" value="AM0yFCkAAAAAZXoXJudB3pNJWcWlMekm19dLowU"><input type="hidden" name="user" value="R9616isAAAAJ"><div id="gsc_fol_inp"></div><div id="gsc_fol_cb"><div class="gsc_fol_cr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_fol_a" role="checkbox" aria-checked="false" data-s="0" class="gs_cb_gen gs_in_cb"><span class="gs_lbl">New articles by this author</span><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></a></div><div class="gsc_fol_cr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gsc_fol_c" role="checkbox" 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id="gsc_rsb_cit" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="gsc_prf_t-cit"><h3 class="gsc_rsb_header"><span class="gsc_rsb_title">Cited by</span></h3><table id="gsc_rsb_st"><thead><tr><th class="gsc_rsb_sth"></th><th class="gsc_rsb_sth">All</th><th class="gsc_rsb_sth">Since 2018</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="This is the number of citations to all publications. The second column has the &quot;recent&quot; version of this metric which is the number of new citations in the last 5 years to all publications.">Citations</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">48</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">36</td></tr><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="h-index is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h citations. The second column has the &quot;recent&quot; version of this metric which is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h new citations in the last 5 years.">h-index</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">2</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">2</td></tr><tr><td class="gsc_rsb_sc1"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_rsb_f gs_ibl" title="i10-index is the number of publications with at least 10 citations. The second column has the &quot;recent&quot; version of this metric which is the number of publications that have received at least 10 new citations in the last 5 years.">i10-index</a></td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">1</td><td class="gsc_rsb_std">1</td></tr></tbody></table><style>.gsc_g_t{position:absolute;bottom:0;color:#777;font-size:11px;}.gsc_g_a{position:absolute;bottom:13px;width:15px;background:#777;}.gsc_g_a:hover,.gsc_g_a:focus,.gsc_g_a:active{text-decoration:none;cursor:default;}.gsc_g_al{position:absolute;bottom:15px;left:7px;color:#222;background:white;font-size:11px;padding:1px;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1px;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s .218s;}.gsc_g_a:hover .gsc_g_al,.gsc_g_a:focus .gsc_g_al,.gsc_g_a:active .gsc_g_al{visibility:visible;opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}#gsc_md_hist{max-width:346px;}.gsc_md_hist_w{position:relative;overflow:hidden;margin-right:43px;}.gs_md_bdy .gsc_md_hist_w,.gs_el_ph .gsc_md_hist_w,.gs_el_ta 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#eee;width:100%;text-align:right;}.gsc_g_x{border-bottom:1px solid #eee;}.gsc_g_xtl{position:absolute;color:#777;}.gsc_g_gtr{position:absolute;}.gsc_g_a:last-child .gsc_g_al{right:0;left:auto;}</style><div class="gsc_g_hist_wrp" dir="rtl"><div class="gsc_g_hist_x"><div class="gsc_g_x" style="top:160px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:0px;"></div><div class="gsc_g_xt" style="top:80px;"></div></div><div class="gsc_g_hist_xl"><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:153px;">0</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:-7px;">8</div><div class="gsc_g_xtl" style="top:73px;">4</div></div><div class="gsc_md_hist_w"><div class="gsc_md_hist_b"><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:259px">2015</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:227px">2016</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:195px">2017</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:163px">2018</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:131px">2019</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:99px">2020</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:67px">2021</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:35px">2022</span><span class="gsc_g_t" style="right:3px">2023</span><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:264px;top:140px;height:20px;z-index:9"><span class="gsc_g_al">1</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:232px;top:100px;height:60px;z-index:8"><span class="gsc_g_al">3</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:200px;top:0px;height:160px;z-index:7"><span class="gsc_g_al">8</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:168px;top:20px;height:140px;z-index:6"><span class="gsc_g_al">7</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:136px;top:60px;height:100px;z-index:5"><span class="gsc_g_al">5</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:104px;top:60px;height:100px;z-index:4"><span class="gsc_g_al">5</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:72px;top:20px;height:140px;z-index:3"><span class="gsc_g_al">7</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:40px;top:20px;height:140px;z-index:2"><span class="gsc_g_al">7</span></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gsc_g_a" style="right:8px;top:60px;height:100px;z-index:1"><span class="gsc_g_al">5</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="gsc_rsb_s gsc_prf_pnl" id="gsc_rsb_co" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="gsc_prf_t-ath"><h3 class="gsc_rsb_header"><span class="gsc_rsb_title">Co-authors</span></h3><ul class="gsc_rsb_a"><li><div class="gsc_rsb_aa" tabindex="0"><style>#gsc_rsb--DRAcCEAAAAJ-img{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_el_ta #gsc_rsb--DRAcCEAAAAJ-img,.gs_el_ph #gsc_rsb--DRAcCEAAAAJ-img{width:56px;height:56px;}</style><span id="gsc_rsb--DRAcCEAAAAJ" class="gs_rimg gs_pp_tn gs_pp_mo_sm gsc_rsb_a_pht"><img alt="Rebecca White" sizes="(max-width:981px) 56px,32px" src="/scholar/images/cleardot.gif" id="gsc_rsb--DRAcCEAAAAJ-img" class="gs_pp_df" data-src="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png" data-srcset="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_32.png 32w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png 56w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_128.png 128w"></span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_desc"><a tabindex="-1" href="/citations?user=-DRAcCEAAAAJ&amp;hl=en">Rebecca White</a><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext">Professor of Entrepreneurship, The University of Tampa</span><span class="gsc_rsb_a_ext gsc_rsb_a_ext2">Verified email at ut.edu</span><span class="gsc_rsb_tap"><span class="gs_btnPR"><span class="gs_ico"></span></span></span></span></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="gsc_lcl" role="main" id="gsc_prf_w"><div id="gsc_prf"><a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" id="gsc_prf_btnf" class="gsc_prf_btn gsc_prf_btn_top gs_btnFA gsc_prf_btn_act"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gsc_prf_btn_lbl">Follow</span></a><div id="gsc_prf_pu"><div id="gsc_prf_pua" class="gs_rimg"><style>#gsc_prf_pup-img{width:128px;height:128px;}@media print{#gs_top 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class="gsc_a_t"></th><th class="gsc_a_c"></th><th class="gsc_a_y"></th></tr><tr id="gsc_a_trh"><th class="gsc_a_t" scope="col"><span id="gsc_a_ta"><a href="/citations?hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=title" class="gsc_a_a">Title</a></span><div id="gsc_dd_sort-r" class="gs_md_r gs_md_rmb gs_md_rmbl"><button type="button" id="gsc_dd_sort-b" aria-controls="gsc_dd_sort-d" aria-haspopup="true" ontouchstart="gs_evt_dsp(event)" class=" gs_in_se gs_btn_mnu gs_btn_flat gs_btn_lrge gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsu gs_press gs_md_tb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_lbl">Sort</span><span class="gs_icm"></span></span></button><div id="gsc_dd_sort-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_md_ulr" role="menu" tabindex="-1"><div id="gsc_dd_sort-s" class="gs_oph gsc_dd_sec gsc_dd_sep"><a role="menuitem" href="/citations?hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li gsc_dd_sort-sel">Sort by citations</a><a role="menuitem" href="/citations?hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Sort by year</a><a role="menuitem" href="/citations?hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=title" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Sort by title</a></div></div></div></th><th class="gsc_a_c" scope="col" dir="rtl"><span id="gsc_a_ca"><div class="gs_nph">Cited by</div><div class="gs_oph">Cited by</div></span></th><th class="gsc_a_y" scope="col"><span class="gsc_a_h" id="gsc_a_ha"><a href="/citations?hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate" class="gsc_a_a">Year</a></span></th></tr></thead><tbody id="gsc_a_b"><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:eQOLeE2rZwMC" class="gsc_a_at">Using the business model canvas as a methods approach to teaching entrepreneurial finance</a><div class="gs_gray">WT Jackson, DJ Scott, N Schwagler</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 18 (2), 99-112<span class="gs_oph">, 2015</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&amp;hl=en&amp;cites=16290672047390781110" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">45</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2015</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC" class="gsc_a_at">Understanding community entrepreneurship building: A two-year reflection on Tampa Bay 6/20</a><div class="gs_gray">B Britton, W Jackson, J Morrow, M Scaff, DJ Scott, R White</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship 25 (2), 169<span class="gs_oph">, 2014</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&amp;hl=en&amp;cites=2850211690931557769" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl">3</a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2014</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:W7OEmFMy1HYC" class="gsc_a_at">ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINERS–THE COMPETENCE MIX IN ACTION-ORIENTED ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS…………………………………. 135</a><div class="gs_gray">WT Jackson, USFS Petersburg, DJ Scott, N Schwagler, E Noyes, ...</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 18 (2)<span class="gs_oph">, 2015</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl"></a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2015</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:YsMSGLbcyi4C" class="gsc_a_at">Dear JBE Readership</a><div class="gs_gray">WT Jackson, MJ Jackson, DJ Scott</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship 25 (2), 0_6<span class="gs_oph">, 2014</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl"></a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2014</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC" class="gsc_a_at">THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS: ENTREPRENEURIAL CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS: WORKSHOP PRESENTATION PROPOSAL</a><div class="gs_gray">WT Jackson, DJ Scott, MJ Jackson</div><div class="gs_gray">ICSB World Conference Proceedings, 1<span class="gs_oph">, 2014</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl"></a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2014</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:Y0pCki6q_DkC" class="gsc_a_at">Dear Readers</a><div class="gs_gray">WT Jackson</div><div class="gs_gray">Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship 25 (1), 0_6<span class="gs_oph">, 2013</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl"></a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2013</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:IjCSPb-OGe4C" class="gsc_a_at">ENT3503: Social Issues in Entrepreneurial Firms. Course Syllabus: 2013: 05 (summer)</a><div class="gs_gray">DJ Scott</div><div class="gs_gray">University of South Florida St. Petersburg<span class="gs_oph">, 2013</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl"></a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2013</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:2osOgNQ5qMEC" class="gsc_a_at">ENT3013: New Venture Creation. Course Syllabus: 2013: 05 (summer)</a><div class="gs_gray">DJ Scott</div><div class="gs_gray">University of South Florida St. Petersburg<span class="gs_oph">, 2013</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl"></a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2013</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:UeHWp8X0CEIC" class="gsc_a_at">ENT3503: Social Issues in Entrepreneurial Firms. Course Syllabus: 2012: 08 (fall)</a><div class="gs_gray">DJ Scott</div><div class="gs_gray">University of South Florida St. Petersburg<span class="gs_oph">, 2012</span></div></td><td class="gsc_a_c"><a href="" class="gsc_a_ac gs_ibl"></a></td><td class="gsc_a_y"><span class="gsc_a_h gsc_a_hc gs_ibl">2012</span></td></tr><tr class="gsc_a_tr"><td class="gsc_a_t"><a href="/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=R9616isAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=R9616isAAAAJ:qjMakFHDy7sC" class="gsc_a_at">MAN4930: New Venture Creation. 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